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Potassium vs Calcium

Potassium
Calcium
Calcium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K   
Ca   
Group Number
1   
17
2   
16
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440097   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1807   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %   
9
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %   
6
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %   
3
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %   
2
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40   
23
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa   
99+
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45   
31
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91   
39
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73   
23
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
0.73   
99+
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV   
99+
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
19   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm   
3
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm   
5
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm   
12
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa   
99+
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa   
99+
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa   
99+
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K   
15
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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