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Potassium vs Chromium

Potassium
Chromium
Chromium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K   
Cr   
Group Number
1   
17
6   
12
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440097   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1807   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %   
9
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %   
6
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %   
3
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %   
2
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
774.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40   
23
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45   
31
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91   
39
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73   
23
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.73   
99+
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV   
99+
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
19   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm   
3
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm   
5
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm   
12
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa   
99+
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa   
99+
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa   
99+
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K   
15
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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