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Potassium vs Chromium

Potassium
Chromium
Chromium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Cr  
Group Number
1  
17
6  
12
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1807  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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