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Potassium vs Copper

Potassium
Copper
Copper vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K   
Cu   
Group Number
1   
17
11   
7
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440097   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1807   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %   
9
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %   
6
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %   
3
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %   
2
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
774.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40   
23
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45   
31
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91   
39
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73   
23
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
0.73   
99+
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV   
99+
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
19   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm   
3
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm   
9
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm   
5
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm   
12
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa   
99+
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa   
99+
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa   
99+
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K   
15
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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