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Potassium vs Rhodium

Potassium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Rh  
Group Number
1  
17
9  
9
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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