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Potassium vs Vanadium

Potassium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
V  
Group Number
1  
17
5  
13
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
1 * 10-4 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~0.00004 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
2
0.00 %  
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.00 p.p.m.  
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
23
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
628.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
61.00 %  
14
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.63  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
31
1.39  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
39
1.45  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
23
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.53  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
9
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
8
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
13
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
4
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
12
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
6
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
3
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
153.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
5
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
3
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
12
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
128.00 GPa  
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
22
50.60 kJ/mol  
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
6
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
30.70 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
3
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
13
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
18
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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