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Potassium vs Vanadium

Potassium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
V  
Group Number
1  
17
5  
13
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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