Potassium Zinc Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
K
Zn
Group Number
1
17
12
6
Period Number
4
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440097
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1807
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %
9
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %
6
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %
3
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %
2
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
2
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.
3
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
63.65 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.40
23
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s
99+
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
K
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45
31
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91
39
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73
23
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
0.73
99+
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol
5
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol
8
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol
9
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol
8
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol
13
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol
17
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol
13
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol
15
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol
3
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol
4
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol
4
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol
4
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol
5
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol
6
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol
8
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV
99+
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
19
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
19
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
19
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm
3
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm
5
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol
3
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)
99+
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm
12
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa
99+
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa
99+
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa
99+
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.86
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m
37
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
14
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol
22
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)
6
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K
6
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K
15
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K
3
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)
3
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol
99+
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K
18
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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