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Praseodymium Einsteinium Comparison

Praseodymium
Einsteinium
Einsteinium Praseodymium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Es  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7429927  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
860.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
996.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
2,850.00 m/s  
40
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Es  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.54  
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,334.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,734.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
40
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
12
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
39
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
28
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
40
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
30
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
38
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.74 g/amp-hr  
5
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
99  
19
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Rn] 5f11 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
99  
19
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
153  
10
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
99  
19
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
252.00 amu  
16
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
17.04 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Californium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Fermium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
582.00 pm  
8
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
8.84  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
6.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,133.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.50 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
323.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
14.80 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
Summary >>
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