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Praseodymium vs Livermorium

Praseodymium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Lv  
Group Number
3  
15
16  
2
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
-  
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
160  
5
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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