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Promethium Cesium Comparison


Cesium Promethium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pm   
Cs   

Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
s block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440462   
40

Space Group Name
Not Available   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
Not Available   
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Not Available   

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   

Discovery
In 1942   
In 1860   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
8 * 10-8 %   
24

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000008 %   
20

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Mildly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28

In Bone
Not Available   
0.05 p.p.m.   
26

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
28.50 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
678.40 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Unknown   
Silvery Gold   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.20   
25

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.14 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pm   
Cs   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
27   
12
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.79   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.22   
33

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
0.86   
99+

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.62   
26

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.66   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
3.21   
2

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8

3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16

4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.14 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
61   
99+
55   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Xe] 6s1   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
61   
99+
55   
99+

Number of Neutrons
84   
40
78   
99+

Number of Electrons
61   
99+
55   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
265.00 pm   
1

Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
244.00 pm   
2

Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
343.00 pm   
2

Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
132.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
71.07 cm3/mol   
1

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Tin
  

Next Element
Samarium
  
Barium
  

Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
8.62 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
Not Available   
614.10 pm   
5

Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
1.93 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.84 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
1.60 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
1.70 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
1.87   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
205.00 nΩ·m   
17

Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
45.50 kJ/mol   
25

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23

Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
32.21 J/mol·K   
4

Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
35.90 W/m·K   
36

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,938.00 K   
5

Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
85.20 J/mol.K   
3

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