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Promethium Osmium Comparison

Promethium
Osmium
Osmium Promethium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm  
Os  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440122  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1942  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C  
32
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
400.00 MPa  
34
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pm  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
540.50 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr  
40
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.30 eV  
5
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
61  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
84  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
61  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm  
12
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm  
12
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm  
20
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol  
21
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)  
40
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
-  
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
14
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
31
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa  
99+
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.60 J/mol·K  
20
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,315.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
289.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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