Symbol
Pm
  
Pd
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
5
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Not Available
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Ores of metals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
  
William Hyde Wollaston
  
Discovery
In 1942
  
In 1803
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
~0.0000003 %
  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
NA
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
NA
  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
  
99+
1,554.90 °C
  
22
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
  
31
2,963.00 °C
  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Unknown
  
Silver
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
3,070.00 m/s
  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Pm
  
Pd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol
  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol
  
3
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
  
38
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
  
36
1.99 g/amp-hr
  
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
  
[Kr] 4d10
  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
  
99+
106.42 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
  
12
8.90 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
  
39
33.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
Unknown
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
  
99+
12.02 g/cm3
  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
10.38 g/cm3
  
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m
  
29
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
  
0.10 10
6/cm Ω
  
22
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
54.23 kJ/mol
  
17
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
  
33
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
  
25.98 J/mol·K
  
33
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
  
99+
71.80 W/m·K
  
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
  
376.60 kJ/mol
  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol
  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
  
34
393.30 kJ/mol
  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
  
37.60 J/mol.K
  
40