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Promethium Palladium Comparison


Palladium Promethium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pm   
Pd   

Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440053   
99+

Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
William Hyde Wollaston   

Discovery
In 1942   
In 1803   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000003 %   
24

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
NA   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22

Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
2,963.00 °C   
33

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Unknown   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1

Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pm   
Pd   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
27   
12
38   
1

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
4

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.35   
21

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.80   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2

3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3

4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.12 eV   
3

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
61   
99+
46   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
61   
99+
46   
99+

Number of Neutrons
84   
40
60   
99+

Number of Electrons
61   
99+
46   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
137.00 pm   
40

Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
139.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
163.00 pm   
40

Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Rhodium
  

Next Element
Samarium
  
Silver
  

Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
33.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
Not Available   
389.07 pm   
25

Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.38 g/cm3   
17

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
180.00 GPa   
9

Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
121.00 GPa   
16

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.39   
5

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
12.02   
21

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29

Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
54.23 kJ/mol   
17

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23

Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.98 J/mol·K   
33

Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
71.80 W/m·K   
23

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
376.60 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
16.74 kJ/mol   
18

Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
393.30 kJ/mol   
22

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
37.60 J/mol.K   
40

Summary >>
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