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Promethium Palladium Comparison

Promethium
Palladium
Palladium Promethium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Pd   
Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.35   
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
Summary >>
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