Promethium vs Iron
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Fe
Group Number
Not Available
8
10
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Unknown
Discovery
In 1942
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
Not Available
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
30
99+
Number of Electrons
61
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
Not Available
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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