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Promethium Zinc Comparison

Promethium
Zinc
Zinc Promethium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Zn   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1942   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
Not Available   
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
327.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Summary >>
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