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Properties of Thorium and Neptunium


Properties of Neptunium & Thorium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
640.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
3,902.00 °C   
13

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Th   
Np   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
28   
11
20   
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.36   
29

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.22   
26

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.64   
25

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
604.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,997.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
1.77 g/amp-hr   
39

Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity
  
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
19.38 g/cm3   
14

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
0.11 (Pa)   
17

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
125.00 MPa   
14

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile
  
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Th   
Np   

Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   

Period Number
7   
7   

Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  

Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
90   
28
93   
25

Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
237.00 amu   
22

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
11.62 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2   

Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
96.00 (-eV)   
9

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
90   
28
93   
25

Number of Neutrons
142   
15
144   
14

Number of Electrons
90   
28
93   
25

Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
?
Orthorhombic lattices occur due to stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal sides. It gets result in a rectangular prism with a rectangular at base. These 3 bases intersect each other at 90°.Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
155.00 pm   
30

Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
190.00 pm   
18

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
221.00 pm   
22

Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
666.30 pm   
3

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Plutonium
  

Previous Element
Actinium
  
Uranium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
1.22 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Electrical Property
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
20.25   
6

Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
6.30 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
29.46 J/mol·K   
8

Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
3.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

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