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Protactinium vs Gallium

Protactinium
Gallium
Gallium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
Ga  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
7440553  
32
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Cmca  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
64.00  
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1900  
In 1875  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
29.78 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
2,403.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
56.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
111.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
2,740.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.81  
20
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
Ga  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.81  
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.42  
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.82  
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
2.01  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.76  
17
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.19  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
4.20 eV  
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
31  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
31  
99+
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
39  
99+
Number of Electrons
91  
27
31  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
135.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
187.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
69.72 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
69.70 (-eV)  
19
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
451.97 pm  
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.30  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
41.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
7.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
37.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
9.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.47  
1
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
5.91  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
7
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.07 106/cm Ω  
34
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
40.60 W/m·K  
34
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
302.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
276.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
40.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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