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Radium vs Californium

Radium
Californium
Californium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Cf  
Group Number
2  
16
3  
15
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440713  
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1950  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
900.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
1,470.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
1,800.00 MPa  
7
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Cf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
98  
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
98  
20
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
153  
10
Number of Electrons
88  
30
98  
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
251.00 amu  
17
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
44.50 (-eV)  
39
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
338.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
15.10 g/cm3  
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
15.10 g/cm3  
22
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
29.00 GPa  
29
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
15.10  
24
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
900.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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