Symbol
Rh
  
Ag
  
Period Number
5
  
5
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
  
Unknown
  
Discovery
In 1804
  
Before 5000 BC
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
  
25
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
Yes
  
In Blood
Not Available
  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
29
In Bone
Not Available
  
0.44 p.p.m.
  
20
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C
  
12
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C
  
17
2,212.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa
  
9
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
  
15
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Rh
  
Ag
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol
  
29
731.00 kJ/mol
  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol
  
26
2,070.00 kJ/mol
  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol
  
27
3,361.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr
  
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr
  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu
  
99+
107.87 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
  
22
11.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3
  
28
10.49 g/cm3
  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3
  
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m
  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
  
8
0.63 106/cm Ω
  
1
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol
  
7
125.60 kJ/mol
  
5
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
22
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.35 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K
  
9
429.00 W/m·K
  
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)
  
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol
  
12
255.10 kJ/mol
  
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol
  
10
11.30 kJ/mol
  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol
  
12
284.50 kJ/mol
  
37
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K
  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K
  
35