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Silver vs Vanadium

Silver
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
V  
Group Number
11  
7
5  
13
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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