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Vanadium vs Silver

Vanadium
Silver
Silver vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Ag  
Group Number
5  
13
11  
7
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
-  
Discovery
In 1801  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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