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Rhodium vs Lithium

Rhodium
Lithium
Lithium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Li  
Group Number
9  
9
1  
17
Period Number
5  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7439932  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Johan August Arfwedson  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
180.54 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
1,347.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
0.60  
23
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
5.30 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
6,000.00 m/s  
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.35  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Li  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
8  
30
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.98  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.97  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
0.91  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
3.02  
8
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
2.90 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
3  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[He] 2s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
3  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
3  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
152.00 pm  
33
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
182.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
6.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
No Previous Element  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Beryllium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
351.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
60.00 MPa  
35
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
10
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
109.00 (Pa)  
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
4.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
4.90 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
0.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
16
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
84.80 W/m·K  
20
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
3,223.00 K  
5
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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