Symbol
Rb
  
Ac
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
5
  
7
  
Block
s block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Actinide
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Not Available
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
  
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
  
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
  
Discovery
In 1861
  
In 1902
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
  
17
~-9999 %
  
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
- Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
Industrial Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
  
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.
  
13
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C
  
38
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C
  
26
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Grayish White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
NA
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s
  
99+
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Rb
  
Ac
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
499.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol
  
6
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol
  
11
1,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol
  
18
4,700.00 kJ/mol
  
23
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol
  
20
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol
  
20
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol
  
17
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol
  
18
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr
  
14
2.82 g/amp-hr
  
18
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
  
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol
  
2
22.54 cm3/mol
  
11
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)
  
99+
38.60 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3
  
99+
10.00 g/cm3
  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
  
99+
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Unknown
  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
  
26
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 10
6/cm Ω
  
24
Not Available
  
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol
  
24
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)
  
17
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
  
5
27.20 J/mol·K
  
18
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K
  
26
12.00 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)
  
2
Not Available
  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol
  
99+
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
301.00 kJ/mol
  
36
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K
  
5
56.50 J/mol.K
  
25