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Rubidium Chromium Comparison

Rubidium
Chromium
Chromium Rubidium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Cr   
Group Number
1   
17
6   
12
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1861   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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