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Rubidium vs Aluminium

Rubidium
Aluminium
Aluminium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Al   
Group Number
1   
17
13   
5
Period Number
5   
3   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1861   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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