Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
William Cruickshank
Discovery
In 1844
In 1787
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7th Energy level
Not Available
8th Energy Level
Not Available
9th Energy Level
Not Available
10th Energy Level
Not Available
11th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Kr] 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available