Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Not Available
Discovery
In 1844
In 1781
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Reflectivity
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available