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Tungsten vs Hafnium

Tungsten
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Hf   
Group Number
6   
12
4   
14
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
106   
29
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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