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Rutherfordium vs Lead

Rutherfordium
Lead
Lead vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Pb   
Group Number
4   
14
14   
4
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1964   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Gray   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
125   
19
Number of Electrons
104   
14
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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