Samarium Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Ca
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1879
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
88
39
20
99+
Number of Electrons
62
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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