Symbol
Sm
  
Mn
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Lanthanide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
  
I_ 43m
  
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
  
Discovery
In 1879
  
In 1774
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
22
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
14
In Bone
Not Available
  
100.00 p.p.m.
  
8
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
  
99+
1,245.00 °C
  
37
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
  
99+
1,962.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silver
  
Luster
Lustrous
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
  
99+
5,150.00 m/s
  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sm
  
Mn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol
  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol
  
39
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol
  
21
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
  
37
4,940.00 kJ/mol
  
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
6,990.00 kJ/mol
  
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,220.00 kJ/mol
  
16
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
11,500.00 kJ/mol
  
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
18,770.00 kJ/mol
  
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
21,400.00 kJ/mol
  
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
23,960.00 kJ/mol
  
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
27,590.00 kJ/mol
  
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
30,330.00 kJ/mol
  
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
33,150.00 kJ/mol
  
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
38,880.00 kJ/mol
  
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
41,987.00 kJ/mol
  
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
109,480.00 kJ/mol
  
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
118,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available
  
127,100.00 kJ/mol
  
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available
  
138,600.00 kJ/mol
  
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available
  
148,500.00 kJ/mol
  
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available
  
158,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
  
172,500.00 kJ/mol
  
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
  
181,380.00 kJ/mol
  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
  
34
0.29 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
  
19
1.39 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
  
37
220.00 (-eV)
  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
  
99+
7.21 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
  
31
0.48 J/(kg K)
  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
  
7
26.32 J/mol·K
  
29
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
  
99+
7.81 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
  
30
21.70 µm/(m·K)
  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
219.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
  
40
14.64 kJ/mol
  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
280.30 kJ/mol
  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
  
15
32.00 J/mol.K
  
99+