Samarium Ruthenium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Ru
Group Number
Not Available
8
10
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7440188
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00
6
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Karl Ernst Claus
Discovery
In 1879
In 1844
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000005 %
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
2,250.00 °C
8
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
3,900.00 °C
14
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.50
5
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
2,160.00 MPa
3
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
5,970.00 m/s
4
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Ru
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.42
18
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.54
25
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
710.20 kJ/mol
32
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.71 eV
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
44
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
44
99+
Number of Neutrons
88
39
57
99+
Number of Electrons
62
99+
44
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
101.07 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
270.59 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
11
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
12.45 g/cm3
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
10.65 g/cm3
16
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
23
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
173.00 GPa
4
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
220.00 GPa
7
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
447.00 GPa
3
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
12.45
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
71.00 nΩ·m
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
101.30 kJ/mol
10
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
117.00 W/m·K
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
567.80 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
25.50 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
603.00 kJ/mol
9
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
