Samarium vs Gold
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Au
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Unknown
Discovery
In 1879
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gold
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
2.54
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
88
39
118
23
Number of Electrons
62
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
47.40 J/mol.K
32
|
||
|
||
|
