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Samarium vs Rubidium


Rubidium vs Samarium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sm   
Rb   

Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
f block   
s block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   

CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440177   
99+

Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
166.00   
6
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   

Discovery
In 1879   
In 1861   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000003 %   
17

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
19

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.01 %   
18

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
7

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7

In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   

Luster
Lustrous   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24

Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
0.22 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
1,300.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sm   
Rb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
29   
10

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
0.82   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
0.89   
40

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
3.18   
3

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6

3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11

4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20

7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14

Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
2.16 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
62   
99+
37   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
62   
99+
37   
99+

Number of Neutrons
88   
39
48   
99+

Number of Electrons
62   
99+
37   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
248.00 pm   
2

Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
220.00 pm   
4

Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
303.00 pm   
3

Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
55.90 cm3/mol   
2

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Promethium
  
Gallium
  

Next Element
Europium
  
Strontium
  

Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
9.47 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
558.50 pm   
10

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
1.46 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
2.50 GPa   
99+

Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
2.40 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
1.53   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
46.90 kJ/mol   
24

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17

Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
31.06 J/mol·K   
5

Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4

Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
76.80 J/mol.K   
5

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