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Samarium vs Yttrium

Samarium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm  
Y  
Group Number
Not Available  
3  
15
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440199  
99+
7440655  
25
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
6
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Johan Gadolin  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1794  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %  
19
7 * 10-7 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
In Bone
Not Available  
0.07 p.p.m.  
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C  
99+
1,523.00 °C  
27
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C  
99+
3,337.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa  
27
589.00 MPa  
22
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa  
24
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
3,300.00 m/s  
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm  
Y  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17  
40
1.22  
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.65  
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
32
1.11  
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.12  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83  
14
2.78  
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
Not Available  
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr  
34
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
3.10 eV  
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62  
99+
39  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62  
99+
39  
99+
Number of Neutrons
88  
39
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
62  
99+
39  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
14
180.00 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
20
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu  
99+
88.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol  
19
19.80 cm3/mol  
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)  
37
48.00 (-eV)  
30
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm  
33
364.74 pm  
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.57  
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3  
32
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)  
9
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
4.27 (Pa)  
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa  
34
25.60 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa  
35
41.20 GPa  
30
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa  
37
63.50 GPa  
32
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
19
0.24  
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52  
99+
4.47  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
29.60 kJ/mol  
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
31
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K  
7
26.53 J/mol·K  
27
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
30
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
393.00 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol  
40
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
418.00 kJ/mol  
18
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
44.40 J/mol.K  
33
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