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Scandium Aluminium Comparison

Scandium
Aluminium
Aluminium Scandium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc   
Al   
Group Number
3   
15
13   
5
Period Number
4   
3   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440202   
99+
7429905   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Hans Christian Oersted   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1825   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %   
15
5 * 10-3 %   
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.006 %   
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
18
0.91 %   
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
23
8.10 %   
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3   
9
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
27.00 p.p.m.   
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C   
24
660.37 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C   
35
2,467.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.75   
13
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa   
12
160.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,000.00 m/s   
10
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc   
Al   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
11   
27
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
1.61   
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02   
21
1.71   
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.47   
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.19   
36
1.61   
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
2.39   
32
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
11,577.00 kJ/mol   
3
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
14,842.00 kJ/mol   
2
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
18,379.00 kJ/mol   
2
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
23,326.00 kJ/mol   
2
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
27,465.00 kJ/mol   
2
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
31,853.00 kJ/mol   
2
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
38,473.00 kJ/mol   
4
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
42,647.00 kJ/mol   
5
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
4.28 eV   
19
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21   
99+
13   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21   
99+
13   
99+
Number of Neutrons
24   
99+
14   
99+
Number of Electrons
21   
99+
13   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm   
26
143.00 pm   
37
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
121.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm   
25
184.00 pm   
34
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu   
99+
26.98 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Magnesium
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Potassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)   
24
80.70 (-eV)   
17
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm   
99+
404.95 pm   
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
7
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
2.70 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
40.00 MPa   
19
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
0.00 (Pa)   
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa   
24
26.00 GPa   
29
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa   
21
76.00 GPa   
18
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa   
26
70.00 GPa   
28
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
18
0.35   
9
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99   
99+
2.72   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
42.50 kJ/mol   
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
237.00 W/m·K   
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
293.70 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
10.67 kJ/mol   
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
322.20 kJ/mol   
31
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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