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Scandium vs Tungsten

Scandium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Scandium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc  
W  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440202  
99+
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
-  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C  
24
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C  
36
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa  
13
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
1,200.00 MPa  
13
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
21
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
93.00 %  
3
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sc  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02  
40
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.19  
99+
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
21  
99+
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
24  
99+
110  
28
Number of Electrons
21  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm  
32
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu  
99+
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)  
25
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
24
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)  
3
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa  
28
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa  
22
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa  
28
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
18
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99  
99+
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
1,814.00 K  
28
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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