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Tungsten vs Scandium

Tungsten
Scandium
Scandium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Sc  
Group Number
6  
12
3  
15
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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