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Tungsten vs Scandium

Tungsten
Scandium
Scandium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Sc   
Group Number
6   
12
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
750.00 MPa   
12
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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