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Scandium vs Molybdenum

Scandium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Scandium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc   
Mo   
Group Number
3   
15
6   
12
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440202   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %   
15
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C   
24
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C   
35
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa   
12
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02   
21
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.30   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.19   
36
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
24   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
21   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm   
26
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm   
25
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)   
24
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
7
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)   
3
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa   
24
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa   
21
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa   
26
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
18
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99   
99+
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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