Scandium Molybdenum Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc
Mo
Group Number
3
15
6
12
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440202
99+
7439987
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In 1879
In 1778
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %
15
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
9
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
34
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C
24
2,617.00 °C
5
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C
35
4,612.00 °C
9
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa
12
1,370.00 MPa
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,400.00 MPa
6
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,400.00 m/s
6
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
58.00 %
15
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc
Mo
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
13
26
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
2.16
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02
21
1.15
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.30
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.19
36
2.16
3
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
1.84
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
684.30 kJ/mol
37
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol
37
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
4,480.00 kJ/mol
26
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
5,257.00 kJ/mol
32
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
6,640.80 kJ/mol
22
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
12,125.00 kJ/mol
13
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
13,860.00 kJ/mol
16
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
15,835.00 kJ/mol
16
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
17,980.00 kJ/mol
18
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
20,190.00 kJ/mol
17
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
22,219.00 kJ/mol
15
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
26,930.00 kJ/mol
13
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
29,196.00 kJ/mol
13
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
52,490.00 kJ/mol
7
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
55,000.00 kJ/mol
8
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
61,400.00 kJ/mol
9
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
67,700.00 kJ/mol
9
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
74,000.00 kJ/mol
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available
80,400.00 kJ/mol
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available
87,000.00 kJ/mol
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
98,420.00 kJ/mol
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available
104,400.00 kJ/mol
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available
121,900.00 kJ/mol
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available
127,700.00 kJ/mol
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available
133,800.00 kJ/mol
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available
139,800.00 kJ/mol
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available
148,100.00 kJ/mol
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available
154,500.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
4.60 eV
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21
99+
42
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
21
99+
42
99+
Number of Neutrons
24
99+
54
99+
Number of Electrons
21
99+
42
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm
26
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
154.00 pm
32
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
25
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu
99+
95.95 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
9.40 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)
24
88.60 (-eV)
13
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm
99+
314.70 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
7
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3
99+
10.28 g/cm3
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3
99+
9.33 g/cm3
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available
324.00 MPa
13
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
3
0.00 (Pa)
26
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa
24
126.00 GPa
8
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa
21
230.00 GPa
6
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa
26
329.00 GPa
6
Poisson Ratio
0.28
18
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.99
99+
10.22
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m
10
53.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω
11
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol
33
71.90 kJ/mol
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
0.25 J/(kg K)
21
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K
99+
138.00 W/m·K
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
4.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol
28
594.10 kJ/mol
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol
25
27.61 kJ/mol
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol
28
653.00 kJ/mol
7
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
28.70 J/mol.K
99+
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