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Silver Palladium Comparison


Palladium Silver comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ag   
Pd   

Group Number
11   
7
10   
8

Period Number
5   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440053   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
William Hyde Wollaston   

Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1803   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000003 %   
24

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
Not Available   

In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22

Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
4.75   
9

Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
320.00 MPa   
33

Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
121.00 MPa   
36

Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
3,070.00 m/s   
26

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1

Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
84.00 %   
4

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ag   
Pd   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
36   
3
38   
1

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
2.20   
4

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.35   
21

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.59   
22

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
1.80   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2

3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3

Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30

Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
5.12 eV   
3

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
47   
99+
46   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Kr] 4d10   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
47   
99+
46   
99+

Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
60   
99+

Number of Electrons
47   
99+
46   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
137.00 pm   
40

Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
139.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
163.00 pm   
40

Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Palladium
  
Rhodium
  

Next Element
Cadmium
  
Silver
  

Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
389.07 pm   
25

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
12.02 g/cm3   
29

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
10.38 g/cm3   
17

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
27

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
180.00 GPa   
9

Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
121.00 GPa   
16

Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.39   
5

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
12.02   
21

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29

Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22

Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
54.23 kJ/mol   
17

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23

Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
25.98 J/mol·K   
33

Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
71.80 W/m·K   
23

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
376.60 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
16.74 kJ/mol   
18

Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
393.30 kJ/mol   
22

Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
37.60 J/mol.K   
40

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