Symbol
Ag
  
Pd
  
Period Number
5
  
5
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
Fm_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
  
Ores of metals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown
  
William Hyde Wollaston
  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
  
In 1803
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
~0.0000003 %
  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
29
Not Available
  
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
  
20
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C
  
22
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
  
99+
2,963.00 °C
  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silver
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
3,070.00 m/s
  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ag
  
Pd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
  
27
520.23 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
  
11
7,298.22 kJ/mol
  
2
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
  
19
11,815.13 kJ/mol
  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
  
7
1.99 g/amp-hr
  
30
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
  
[Kr] 4d10
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
  
99+
106.42 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
  
99+
33.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
  
35
12.02 g/cm3
  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3
  
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m
  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
  
1
0.10 106/cm Ω
  
22
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
  
5
54.23 kJ/mol
  
17
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
25
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K
  
33
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
  
1
71.80 W/m·K
  
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
  
23
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
  
37
376.60 kJ/mol
  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
  
31
16.74 kJ/mol
  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
  
37
393.30 kJ/mol
  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
  
35
37.60 J/mol.K
  
40