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Palladium vs Iron

Palladium
Iron
Iron vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Fe  
Group Number
10  
8
8  
10
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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