Iron vs Palladium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
Pd
Group Number
8
10
10
8
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
Not Available
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.35
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
60
99+
Number of Electrons
26
99+
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Not Available
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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