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Palladium vs Zinc

Palladium
Zinc
Zinc vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Zn  
Group Number
10  
8
12  
6
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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