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Silver vs Palladium

Silver
Palladium
Palladium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Pd  
Group Number
11  
7
10  
8
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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