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Silver vs Palladium

Silver
Palladium
Palladium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Pd   
Group Number
11   
7
10   
8
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
Not Available   
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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