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Silver vs Erbium

Silver
Erbium
Erbium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Er  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
814.00 MPa  
12
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
589.00 MPa  
30
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.76  
24
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.24  
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.24  
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.24  
36
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.24  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
5.93 eV  
2
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
99  
34
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
49.00 (-eV)  
30
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
355.88 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
350.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
28.30 GPa  
31
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
44.40 GPa  
31
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
69.90 GPa  
31
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
9.07  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,802.00 K  
30
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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