Symbol
Sr
  
Nd
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Block
s block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
  
Carl Auer von Welsbach
  
Discovery
In 1787
  
In 1885
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %
  
15
~0.0000003 %
  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
  
19
Not Available
  
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.
  
7
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C
  
99+
3,127.00 °C
  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
2,330.00 m/s
  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Sr
  
Nd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
533.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol
  
10
2,130.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol
  
13
3,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol
  
18
Not Available
  
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol
  
18
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
  
17
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.79 g/amp-hr
  
37
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
  
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol
  
6
20.60 cm3/mol
  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)
  
99+
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3
  
99+
7.01 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA
  
NA
  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m
  
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
  
26
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol
  
38
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
  
18
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
  
28
27.45 J/mol·K
  
17
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K
  
37
16.50 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)
  
18
9.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
273.00 kJ/mol
  
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol
  
38
7.14 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
322.00 kJ/mol
  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K
  
26
71.50 J/mol.K
  
13