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Strontium vs Palladium

Strontium
Palladium
Palladium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr   
Pd   
Group Number
2   
16
10   
8
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440246   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1787   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %   
14
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %   
15
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
4
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
Not Available   
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95   
99+
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72   
27
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99   
37
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00   
18
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.96   
40
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05   
7
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV   
99+
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
38   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm   
5
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm   
15
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm   
7
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm   
6
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)   
1
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa   
99+
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K   
37
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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