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Strontium vs Palladium

Strontium
Palladium
Palladium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Pd  
Group Number
2  
16
10  
8
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
110.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
15.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,170.00 m/s  
23
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.43  
39
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
38
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
22
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
54,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
5,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
549.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
38  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
11
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
9
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
35
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
31
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
38
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,050.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
19
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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