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Strontium vs Thulium

Strontium
Thulium
Thulium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr   
Tm   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440246   
99+
7440304   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank   
Per Teodor Cleve   
Discovery
In 1787   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %   
14
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %   
15
~0.00000002 %   
28
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %   
10
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
4
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
Not Available   
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
471.00 MPa   
25
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr   
Tm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95   
99+
1.25   
35
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72   
27
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99   
37
1.11   
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00   
18
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.96   
40
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05   
7
2.75   
19
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38   
99+
69   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
100   
32
Number of Electrons
38   
99+
69   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm   
5
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm   
15
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm   
7
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
18.10 cm3/mol   
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Erbium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Ytterbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
49.70 (-eV)   
28
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm   
6
353.75 pm   
40
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
8.56 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)   
1
0.06 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa   
99+
30.50 GPa   
22
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
44.50 GPa   
26
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa   
99+
74.00 GPa   
27
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.21   
31
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
676.00 nΩ·m   
5
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
27.03 J/mol·K   
22
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K   
37
16.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
16.80 kJ/mol   
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
74.00 J/mol.K   
9
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