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Tantalum vs Californium

Tantalum
Californium
Californium vs Tantalum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ta   
Cf   
Group Number
5   
13
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440257   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1802   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-9 %   
31
Not Available   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
37
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
31
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,996.00 °C   
4
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,425.00 °C   
4
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray Blue   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
440.00 MPa   
28
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,400.00 m/s   
22
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
78.00 %   
6
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ta   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.33   
22
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.34   
33
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
73   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
73   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
108   
28
153   
9
Number of Electrons
73   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
180.95 amu   
38
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Hafnium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Tungsten
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
110.00 (-eV)   
7
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
330.13 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
16.69 g/cm3   
18
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.00 g/cm3   
9
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
69.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
200.00 GPa   
8
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
186.00 GPa   
13
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
16.65   
11
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
57.50 W/m·K   
27
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
Not Available   
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