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Technetium vs Nickel

Technetium
Nickel
Nickel vs Technetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tc  
Ni  
Group Number
7  
11
10  
8
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440268  
99+
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1937  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
2,200.00 °C  
9
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
4,877.00 °C  
7
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Shiny Gray  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
550.00 MPa  
27
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
16,200.00 m/s  
1
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
35.00 %  
34
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Tc  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.36  
21
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.51  
31
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
43  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
43  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
55  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
43  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
147.00 pm  
39
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
98.00 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Molybdenum
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Ruthenium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.50 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
21
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.00 g/cm3  
36
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.00 g/cm3  
34
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.50  
37
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
50.60 W/m·K  
30
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
2,150.00 K  
16
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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