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Terbium vs Lutetium

Terbium
Lutetium
Lutetium vs Terbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb  
Lu  
Group Number
Not Available  
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440279  
99+
7439943  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1906  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %  
27
1 * 10-8 %  
30
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %  
29
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C  
33
1,652.00 °C  
19
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C  
29
3,402.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa  
17
893.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa  
13
1,160.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s  
35
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb  
Lu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.27  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
30
1.14  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available  
2.73  
20
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol  
99+
523.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,022.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol  
31
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
6,445.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr  
31
2.18 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV  
36
3.30 eV  
33
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65  
99+
71  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2  
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
65  
99+
71  
99+
Number of Neutrons
94  
36
104  
30
Number of Electrons
65  
99+
71  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm  
17
174.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm  
16
187.00 pm  
20
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
22
221.00 pm  
22
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu  
99+
174.97 amu  
40
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol  
22
17.78 cm3/mol  
30
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gadolinium
  
Ytterbium
  
Next Element
Dysprosium
  
Hafnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)  
33
50.90 (-eV)  
26
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm  
36
350.31 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
13
1.59  
10
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3  
99+
9.84 g/cm3  
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3  
30
9.30 g/cm3  
22
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
17
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)  
8
3.18 (Pa)  
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa  
32
27.20 GPa  
26
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa  
33
47.60 GPa  
23
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa  
34
68.60 GPa  
30
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
21
0.26  
21
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.23  
39
9.84  
29
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m  
99+
582.00 nΩ·m  
9
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
33
0.15 J/(kg K)  
36
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K  
9
26.86 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K  
99+
16.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)  
38
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol  
26
355.90 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol  
34
18.70 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
398.00 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
51.00 J/mol.K  
30
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